Together, these four defects mean that not enough blood is able to reach the lungs to get oxygen, and oxygen-poor blood flows out to the body. As a result, oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle flows directly into the aorta instead of into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. In tetralogy of Fallot, the aorta is between the left and right ventricles, directly over the VSD. This allows only oxygen-rich blood to flow to the body. In a healthy heart, the aorta is attached to the left ventricle. This is a defect in the aorta, the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the body. This defect occurs if the right ventricle thickens because the heart has to pump harder than it should to move blood through the narrowed pulmonary valve. In pulmonary stenosis, the heart has to work harder than normal to pump blood, and not enough blood reaches the lungs. Normally, oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle flows through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery, and out to the lungs to pick up oxygen. This defect is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and the passage through which blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. The hole allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to mix with oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle. The septum prevents blood from mixing between the two sides of the heart.Ī VSD is a hole in the part of the septum that separates the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart. The heart has a wall that separates the two chambers on its left side from the two chambers on its right side. Right ventricular hypertrophy (hi-PER-tro-fe).
Tetralogy of Fallot involves four heart defects:
The article also has animations that show how your heart pumps blood and how your heart's electrical system works. The Diseases and Conditions Index How the Heart Works article describes the structure and function of a healthy heart. To understand this defect, it's helpful to know how a healthy heart works. Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare, complex heart defect that occurs in about 5 out of every 10,000 babies. This type of heart defect changes the normal flow of blood through the heart. A congenital heart defect is a problem with the heart's structure that's present at birth. Tetralogy (teh-TRAL-o-je) of Fallot (fah-LO) is a congenital heart defect.
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